Confusing Yellow Wagtails - part 1

I was hoping to score some nice Ashy-headed Wagtails in Sicily, and so I did.  Only at one site I visited though - the wetlands at Granelli.  Only managed to get one distant shot of a 'textbook' Ashy-headed though:

Ashy-headed Wagtail, Granelli, 1st May 2012

One bird was much closer, and as it was singing its heart out and clearly holding territory it should have been Ashy-headed... but what about that supercilium?

flava Wagtail holding territory, Granelli, 3rd May 2012

Now, is it me, or does this look rather like a Spanish Wagtail iberiae?  Are there Spanish Wagtails breeding in Sicily?  I saw iberiae in Portugal a few years ago and I think most of them had a narrower supercilium in front of the eye, but variable.  Or is it an intergrade/hybrid (with Blue-headed?)?  Or can Ashy-headed Wagtail look like this?  What would you think it was if you saw it in England?


Here's another.  This one was in the same area and looked more like Blue-headed, showing both a pale supercilium and pale in the middle of the ear-coverts.  But the tone of grey on the head - that didn't look like Blue-headed.

flava Wagtail, Granelli, 28th April 2012

Both of these birds have some green on the sides of the crown.  What does that indicate?  I've seen it on Blue-headed Wagtails previously but never quite figured out if it's an age-related thing or something else.  I wouldn't have any trouble seeing the second bird above as a first-summer - when I first glimpsed it I thought it was a female.  But the strikingly colourful first bird - can that be immature?


So help me out - what are we dealing with here?

When Italian looks Spanish

I was fascinated by the sparrows in Sicily.  Some of them looked like textbook Italian Sparrows while others looked pretty much like textbook Spanish Sparrows.  Apparently they're all Italian Sparrows, despite their Spanish appearance.  Many flocks contained both types of birds and anything in between.

If I've understood correctly, Italian Sparrows were originally hybrids between House Sparrow and Spanish Sparrow, but the hybrids have become so stable and isolated from both House Sparrow and Spanish Sparrow that they can now be considered a species in their own right.  The posh term is homoploid hybrid speciation, I think.  You can read all about  it here (which I discovered from this Surfbirds discussion - thanks to Brian & Alex).

I wonder though... are they really all that stable and isolated, all the way across their range?  For most of Italy, where they all resemble textbook Italian Sparrows (so far as I know - I've never been to most of Italy) that makes sense to me.  But here in Sicily, where I'd struggle to separate many of them from Spanish Sparrows, could it be that they are still subject to ongoing (or at least very recent) genetic exchange with Spanish Sparrows?  Or are some of them really Spanish Sparrows?

Anyway, here are some pics showing some of the variation:

Italian Sparrow, Siracusa, 23rd April

Italian Sparrows, Capo Murro di Porco, 2nd May

 

 

 

Italian Sparrows, Monteluce (Vendicari), 29th April

 

Italian Sparrow, Riserva Naturale Orientata Fiume Ciane, 23rd April

 

Italian Sparrow, Valle di Templi (Agrigento), 27th April

 

Italian Sparrow, Capo Murro di Porco, 3rd May

 

Italian Sparrows, Riserva Naturale Orientata Biviere di Gela, 28th April 2012

 

Italian Sparrow, Monteluce (Vendicari), 28th April 2012

 

Italian Sparrows, Granelli, 29th April 2012

  

Italian Sparrow, Etna South, 25th April 2012

Here are a couple of females... some of these looked more distinctive than some female Spanish Sparrows while I doubt if others could be safely separated from House Sparrow.

  

Italian Sparrow, Capo Murro di Porco,24th April 2012

 

  

Italian Sparrow, Etna South, 25th April 2012